The 1870 Project

African American Genealogy: Breaking Through the 1870 Barrier

Stuck at 1870? We get it. Whether your family was enslaved, immigrated, or just got lost in history - we search the records that actually matter. Freedmen's Bureau, plantation docs, immigration papers, all of it.

Why 1870 Is Where Everyone Gets Stuck

1870 is the wall. For Black families, it's the first census with full names after slavery. For immigrants, it's when your family first shows up in America. For everyone, records before this are a mess.

We built this to fix that.

What We Actually Search

  • Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) - Marriage records, contracts, school records
  • 1870 Census - The big one everyone needs
  • Plantation Records - Birth records, work logs, estate papers
  • Immigration Records - Ellis Island, port entries, naturalization
  • Old Newspapers - Announcements, obituaries, community news
  • Military Records - Service files, pensions, discharge papers
  • State Archives - Birth certificates, court docs, land deeds

How It Works

We Find Siblings First

Look at 1880-1900 census records to find brothers and sisters living together. They usually lead back to parents.

We Check Regional Patterns

Common surnames in your area during that time period. Helps narrow down likely parent names.

We Connect the Dots

Plantation records, immigration docs, marriage certificates - we search everything to find connections.

Marriage Records Are Gold

Freedmen's Bureau marriage records list parents' names. That's how you jump back a generation.

Real Talk

"I know my ancestor's name from 1870"

We search marriage records, find siblings in later census, check plantation records in that county.

"I only have a first name before 1870"

We find the plantation owner, search estate records, match ages in 1870 Census.

"My family says they're from [place]"

We search county records, check migration patterns, look at local newspapers and church records.

Pro Tips

  • Start at 1870 - Work forward first (1880, 1900), then go back
  • Save everything - Small details matter later
  • Try different spellings - Names were written wrong all the time
  • Location > Names - Where they lived is more reliable than how they spelled their name
  • Check neighbors - Families lived near each other

"Been stuck at 1870 for years. Found my great-great-grandfather's parents through a marriage record I didn't know existed. Three generations in minutes."

- Sarah J., Atlanta

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6 free credits. No credit card. See what we find.

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